Modelling boundary-layer transition on wings operating in ground effect at low Reynolds numbers

Boundary Layer and Separation Control on Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers

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Boundary Layer Trips on Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers

Three categories of boundary layer trips (single 2-D plain. multiple 2-D plain, and 3-D trips) were tested on the l\106-13-128, E374, and SD7037 airfoils over t he Reynolds numbers of 100,000 to 300,000. Flow visualization and drag data were acquired for a number of trip heights and locations. To facilitate comparisons between airfoils, t rips were located relative to untripped laminar separati...

Shear layer instability at low reynolds numbers

Span Efficiencies of Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers

Elegant and inviscid analytical theory can predict the induced drag on lifting wings of finite span. The theoretical prediction is then often modified by multiplication with a dimensionless coefficient for which the departure from a value of 1 is used as a way to incorporate realistic and necessary departures from the idealizedmodel. Unfortunately, there are conflicting definitions of these dim...

Unsteady Aerodynamic Performance of Model Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers

The synthesis of a comprehensive theory of force production in insect flight is hindered in part by the lack of precise knowledge of unsteady forces produced by wings. Data are especially sparse in the intermediate Reynolds number regime (10<Re<1000) appropriate for the flight of small insects. This paper attempts to fill this deficit by quantifying the time-dependence of aerodynamic forces for...